This federal assessment appears to be put in place to pay for the Civil War effort. Below I have transcribed the records for East New Market. The tax on a horse carriage was $1. Retailers were taxed if their gross annual receipts exceeded $1000.
List of Persons residing in Division No. 3 of Collection District No. 1 of the State of Maryland, liable to a tax under the laws of the United States and the amount thereof, as assessed by L.E. Staughn Assistant Assessor.
Date  Name                   
		Licenses        Amt     
		Enumerated Articles
		
		1 Sep M.S. Fletcher          
		Retailer        $10     
		1 Horse carriage  $75
      John E. Hooper         
		Physician       $10
      Tilghman Andrews                               
		1 Horse carriage  $75
      Ambrose A. Wilson                              
		2 Horse carriages $75
      Rev. John Hough                                
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Wm. V.M Edmondson      
		Physician       $10     
		1 horse carriage  $75
      James T. Jacobs        
		Physician       $10     
		1 horse carriage  $75
      J.A. Bramble & Bro.    Retailer        
		$10  
      Henry W. Houston       
		Physician       $10
      Geo. L. Stevens        
		7th Class Hotel $10
      John Q. Leckie         
		Retailer        $10
      George Staplefort                              
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Robert F. Thompson                             
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Elizabeth A. Thompson                          
		1 horse carriage  $75
      James R. Donoho                                
		1 horse carriage  $75
      John Webster                                   
		2 horse carriages $75
      Mrs. Harriet Dean                              
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Isaac H. Wright                                
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Wm T. Vickers                                  
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Saml Webster                                   
		1 horse carriage  $75
      John H. Fletcher                               
		1 horse carriage  $75
      Mrs. Deborah Thomas                            
		1 horse carriage  $75
		1 Nov Samuel E. Collins                              
		5 Cattle (tax $1)
		1 Dec Samuel E. Collins      Auctioneer      
		$8.33
      George L. Stevens      
		Retail Dealer   $4.17